Every year, on January 6th, the tradition of the Befana's stocking brings a touch of magic and nostalgia to Italian homes. But where does this beloved custom come from?
Its roots lie in ancient folklore, a blend of pagan and Christian elements. During Roman times, during the Saturnalia, winter festivals dedicated to Saturn, deities associated with fertility and renewal, like Diana, were celebrated. It was believed that female figures flew over the fields during the nights following the winter solstice, bringing prosperity for future harvests. With the arrival of Christianity, these beliefs were reinterpreted, giving rise to the figure of the Befana.
According to Christian legend, the Three Wise Men, traveling to Bethlehem, asked an old woman for directions and invited her to join them. She refused but soon regretted it. Since then, it is said that the Befana travels from house to house bringing gifts to children, hoping to find the Baby Jesus.
The stocking hung by the fireplace recalls the ancient custom of offering gifts to benevolent spirits in exchange for protection. Sweets and coal today symbolize, respectively, rewards for well-behaved children and admonitions for the naughty ones.
This tradition has become a symbol of Italian culture, closing the Christmas season with a gesture of love and sweetness that spans generations.